Luxembourg has signed and ratified the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 14 of which prohibiting discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. This article is directly applicable to court cases examined under Luxembourg law. Protocol 12 on discrimination has also been ratified.

As far as penal law is concerned, the amended article 455 of the Penal Code is applicable to discrimination in relation to:

• the refusal to supply or allow enjoyment of goods;
• the refusal to supply a service;
• the restriction of the supply of goods or services on grounds of ethnic or racial discrimination or the exercising of any other form of discrimination at the time of supply;
• the indication in any advertisement of the intention to refuse goods or services or to practise discrimination at the time of supplying goods and services,
• the restriction of the normal exercise of any economic activity;
• the refusal to employ an individual, the sanctioning or dismissal of a person;
• the subjection of access to work, training or working conditions or the membership of, and involvement in, an organisation of workers or employers to a discriminatory condition.

The laws of 28 and 29 November 2006 have created a Centre for Equality of Treatment, competent also for discrimination cases relating to the public sector.